mercoledì 20 gennaio 2016

Fears in the life cycle.

(This image is taken from the site http://www.esseredonnaonline.it/psiche/paure-infantili-istruzioni-per-uso).

Fear is an emotional state of the individual in the face of a real or imaginary danger. This emotional state cancels or reduces the defenses of the subject for a certain period of time.
Fear must be understood as a process in which they are raised different aspects of the person. Indeed, it should be seen as a process of interaction between the individual and the environment.
From the point of view of neuroscience we identified three neuronal circuits underlying fear. The first is the oldest. This system makes sure that the body, the face of fear, reacts as in a state of paralysis. This circuit indicates a state of emergency or alarm, with a whole range of other physical reactions such as accelerated heartbeat.
The second circuit is rational and allows us to evaluate the fear so as to find useful solutions to overcome it.
The third circuit is conscious, which allows us to evaluate the options that emerged from the circuit rational.
So that the fear to take place, however, it is required of the mechanisms of cognitive assessment supported by behavioral responses of the subject.
The various fears of the individual can be summarized based on age (Farina, 2015).
At birth, in fact, the child's fear is focused on the loud noises or pain. A two to three years is the fear of strangers and new places and emerges the fear of the dark.
In four or five years there are the fears related to fictional characters, like ghosts or the wolf.
School age appear the fears of negative experiences, such as an animal that has bitten or an accident. During adolescence fear moves to social contexts. The guy starts to be afraid of being laughed at or evaluation. During the growth varies the way you handle fear.
From an early stage of addiction, the child is able to manage the fears alone.
Fears, however, should never be repressed, but should be heeded and transformed elements unthinkable thinkable elements (so-called alpha elements; Dafter, 1996).

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