Interactions in family and parenting styles

(This image is taken from the site: http://www.haemophilia.ie/content.php?id=5)

The family is the first social context for child. It is characterized by being composed of actors of protection and security for children. It is a small group that facilitates the learning of rules (Carrubba and Castelli, 2015).

Systems theory has tried to study the influences of the family on individual members. They depend on the individual components, the relationships between them and the external events.

According to this theory, the conduct of the parents, the child's characteristics and the context of reference affect the baby's development.

The psychological characteristics of the parent, the socio-cultural variations and the child's temperament affect instead the role of parent.

Some authors have identified several parenting styles (Carrubba and Castelli, 2015). The scientist Schaefer highlighted in particular the democratic, overlooking, overprotective and authoritarian styles. The first is characterized by high levels of concern and permissiveness. Overlooking style, however, it is based on high permissiveness and hostility. In overprotective style parents are very strict and reminders. In the authoritarian style, finally, there is a high severity and hostility.

There are limits in the model of parenting styles. This model, for example, has not been adapted to different cultures. These limits are less stringent if it adopts a multi-factor model of parenting. It considers factors proximal, as the child's temperament and distal factors. A distal factor is for example the social network.